A first mass production of gas electron multipliers
نویسندگان
چکیده
منابع مشابه
A First Mass Production of Gas Electron Multipliers
We report on the manufacture of a first batch of approximately 2,000 Gas Electron Multipliers (GEMs) using 3M’s fully automated roll to roll flexible circuit production line. This process allows low-cost, reproducible fabrication of a high volume of GEMs of dimensions up to 30×30 cm. First tests indicate that the resulting GEMs have optimal properties as radiation detectors. Production techniqu...
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The construction of a micro-pattern gas detector of dimensions 40×10 cm is described. Two gas electron multiplier foils (GEM) provide the internal amplification stages. A twolayer readout structure was used, manufactured in the same technology as the GEM foils. The strips of each layer cross at an effective crossing angle of 6.7 degrees and have a 406μm pitch. The performance of the detector ha...
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Biological hydrogen production by anaerobic bacterium, Rhodospirillum rubrum was studied in batch and continuous bioreactors using synthesis gas (CO) as substrate. The systems were operated at ambient temperature and pressure. Correlations available in the literature were used to estimate the gas-liquid mass transfer coefficients (KLa) in batch reactor. Based on experimental results for the con...
متن کاملThe detection efficiency of electron multipliers
The variation of the detection efficiency of electron multipliers used in the pulse-counting mode is investigated as a function of the average gain per dynode, the energy of the electrons being detected and the applied voltage. It is assumed that the pulse-height distributions can be obtained from Polya statistics and that the universal yield curve for secondary emission is applicable. Results ...
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Fast and reliable analytical methods for mercury speciation would aid in understanding mercury offgas chemistry. Presently, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) regulates only total mercury; however, many studies indicate that mercury toxicity is highly dependent on the mercury speciation. For example, amalgams and mercury sulfides have relatively low toxicities, while organomercury a...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment
سال: 2003
ISSN: 0168-9002
DOI: 10.1016/j.nima.2003.06.011